婀栧崡鐭╅樀鐢靛瓙绉戞妧鏈夐檺鍏徃-凯发线上手机登录

鎽? 瑕?/span>

闅忕潃鏃虹洓鐨勫崼鏄熷簲鐢ㄧぞ浼氶渶姹傚強鑸ぉ鏂版妧鏈殑杩呯寷鍙戝睍锛屽ぉ鍩烘棤绾跨數绯荤粺鐩镐簰浜ゅ弶铻嶅悎宸叉垚瓒嬪娍銆傚寳鏂楃郴缁熶粠涓ら鍗槦璧锋锛屼互蹇€熷畾浣嶆姤鍛婏紙rdss锛変笌鐭姤鏂囬€氫俊锛圡ss锛変笟鍔′负鐗硅壊寤烘垚涓浗绗竴浠ｅ崼鏄熷鑸畾浣嶇郴缁熴€傞殢鍚庯紝鐢?骞存椂闂存瀯寤轰簡rnss杩炵画瀵艰埅涓嶳dss瀹氫綅鎶ュ憡鐩哥粨鍚堢殑鍖楁枟鎶€鏈綋鍒讹紝瀹屾垚浜嗕簹澶湴鍖鸿鐩栥€傞€氳繃鏈夋晥鐨勫崼鏄熸棤绾跨數棰戠巼鍏煎璁捐涓庡浗闄呭崗璋冿紝鍖楁枟绯荤粺鏄笘鐣屼笂绗竴涓鍥介檯鐢典俊鑱旂洘锛圛tu锛夎鍒欒鍙殑rnss銆丷dss銆丮ss涓夊ぇ涓氬姟鐩哥粨鍚堢殑鍗槦鏃犵嚎鐢电郴缁熴€傛湰鏂囬槓杩颁簡鍖楁枟绯荤粺鍦ㄥ垱鏂拌秴瓒婄悊蹇典笅鐨勪笁澶т笟鍔°€佸洓澶у姛鑳界殑鍙戝睍鍘嗙▼銆佹妧鏈綋鍒躲€佷富瑕佺壒鐐瑰強鍓嶆櫙棰勬祴銆?/span>

due to the strong demand for satellite applications and rapid development of new space technology, the cross-integration of space-based radio systems has become a trend.beidou system started from two satellites to build china's first generation satellite navigation and positioning system with the features of fast location reporting(rdss)and short message communication(mss)service.then beidou technology frame combined with rnss continuous navigation and rdss location report, was constructed in eight years, and the coverage in asia-pacific was completed.through effective satellite radio frequency compatible design and international coordination, beidou system is the first radio satellite system which includes rnss, rdss, mss three major services, approved by international telecommunication union(itu)in the world.this paper expounds the development process, technical frame, main features and prospect of beidou system with three major services and four key functions, in the concept of innovation and transcendence.

鍖楁枟绯荤粺浜?000骞翠互2棰楀崼鏄熷皬骞呰捣姝ワ紝寤烘垚浜嗗叿鏈変綅缃姤鍛娿€佺煭鐢垫枃閫氫俊绛夋樉钁楃壒鑹茬殑鍖楁枟璇曢獙绯荤粺锛屼娇鎴戝浗鎴愪负涓栫晫涓婄3涓嫢鏈夎嚜鎴戝崼鏄熷鑸郴缁熺殑鍥藉銆傞殢鍚庝簬2012骞?2鏈堬紝鍒╃敤14棰楀崼鏄熷畬鎴愪簡鍖楁枟鍖哄煙绯荤粺寤鸿锛屽疄鐜颁簡瀵逛簹澶湴鍖虹殑杩炵画瑕嗙洊锛屽彈鍒癐cg璁ゅ彲鎴愪负涓栫晫鍥涘ぇ鍗槦瀵艰埅鏍稿績渚涘簲鍟嗕箣涓€[1]銆?/span>

鍖楁枟鍖哄煙瀵艰埅绯荤粺寤烘垚杩愯鍚庯紝浼窛娴嬮噺绮惧害绾︿负33 cm锛岃浇娉㈡祴閲忕簿搴︾害涓? mm锛涗吉璺濆崟鐐瑰畾浣嶆按骞崇簿搴︿紭浜? m锛岄珮绋嬬簿搴︿紭浜?0 m锛涜浇娉㈢浉浣嶅樊鍒嗗畾浣嶇簿搴﹀湪瓒呯煭鍩虹嚎鎯呭喌涓嬩紭浜? cm锛岀煭鍩虹嚎鎯呭喌涓嬩紭浜? cm锛涘崟棰戜吉璺濆樊鍒嗗畾浣嶇簿搴︿紭浜?.5 m锛屼笌gps鐩告瘮瀛樺湪杈冨ぇ宸窛锛屽叾涓昏鍘熷洜鍙兘涓哄寳鏂桮eo鍗槦浼窛澶氳矾寰勮宸緝澶2-3]銆?/span>

1 鍗槦瀵艰埅鐞嗚涓庡疄璺垫杩?/span>

1.1 鍗槦鏃犵嚎鐢靛鑸巻鍙叉紨鍙?/span>

鍗槦鏃犵嚎鐢靛鑸垱濮嬩簬20涓栫邯60骞翠唬銆傛棭鏈熺殑鍗槦瀵艰埅绯荤粺锛屼富瑕佷互瑙ｅ喅娴锋磱鐢ㄦ埛骞抽潰浣嶇疆涓虹洰鏍囷紝鍏稿瀷鐢ㄦ埛鏄綔鑹囨捣娲嬪畾浣嶃€?/span>

鑻忚仈1960骞翠唬寮€濮嬭璁¤璇佽潐(tsiklon)绯荤粺锛屽埌1979骞村彂灏勪簡4棰楄潐绯荤粺鍗槦[4]銆傚崼鏄熻建閬撻珮搴?000 km锛屼笅琛岄鐜?50 mhz鍜?00 mhz锛岄噰鐢ㄥ鏅嫆鍘熺悊纭畾鐢ㄦ埛骞抽潰浣嶇疆鍧愭爣銆傚畾浣嶅潎鏂规牴璇樊涓?50~300 m锛屽搷搴旀椂闂?~6 min銆傜粡澶у湴娴嬮噺涓庡湴鐞冪墿鐞嗗鑰呯殑鍔姏锛岀簿搴﹀彲鎻愬崌鑷?0~100 m銆傞殢鍚庯紝铦夌郴缁熷崼鏄熻ˉ鍏呬簡閬囬櫓鎺ユ敹璁惧锛屼负鐢ㄦ埛閰嶅浜嗘棤绾跨數娴爣瑁呯疆锛屽彂灏?21 mhz鍜?06 mhz閬囬櫓淇″彿锛屽崼鏄熷皢鎺ユ敹鍒扮殑閬囬櫓淇″彿涓户鑷冲湴闈㈢珯锛岀敱鍦伴潰绔欒绠楅亣闄╃敤鎴蜂綅缃紝鐢ㄤ簬鐢熷懡鏁戞彺[5]銆備笌缇庡浗銆佹硶鍥姐€佸姞鎷垮ぇ鍚堜綔褰㈡垚浜咰ospas-sarsat绌洪棿鎼滄晳绯荤粺銆傚悓鏃舵湡锛岀編鍥藉缓璁句簡娴峰啗鏃犵嚎鐢电郴缁燂紝绉颁负瀛愬崍浠郴缁?transit)[6]銆傞噰鐢ㄤ笌铦夌郴缁熺浉褰撶殑杞ㄩ亾楂樺害銆佸伐浣滈鐜囷紝鏈嶅姟瀵硅薄涓虹編鍐涙牳娼滆墖娴蜂笂骞抽潰浣嶇疆瀹氫綅锛岄€氳繃鍗槦淇″彿澶氭櫘鍕掗鐜囨祴閲忎笌鍗槦骞挎挱鏄熷巻璁＄畻锛岀‘瀹氱敤鎴峰钩闈綅缃€?/span>

涓婅堪涓や釜绯荤粺鍧囦笉鑳戒负鐢ㄦ埛鎻愪緵绮剧‘鐨勯€熷害涓庡畾浣嶆椂闂翠俊鎭紝骞朵笖鍗槦杞ㄩ亾浣庛€佺ǔ瀹氭€у樊锛岄毦浠ユ弧瓒虫棩鐩婃椇鐩涚殑鍏ㄧ悆瀵艰埅闇€姹傦紝鍥犳锛屼袱涓秴绾уぇ鍥藉緢蹇氨寮€鍚簡鏂扮殑鍗槦瀵艰埅绯荤粺璁鸿瘉鐮旂┒銆?973骞村墠鍚庯紝涓ゅ浗鍒嗗埆鎻愬嚭浜咷ps鍜孏lonass鏂规鐨勯洀褰€傚熀鏈畾浣嶅師鐞嗘槸閫氳繃鍚屾椂瀵?棰椾互涓婂崼鏄熶俊鍙风殑浼窛娴嬮噺鍜屽鏅嫆娴嬮噺锛岀‘瀹氱敤鎴蜂笁缁翠綅缃€侀€熷害鐭㈤噺涓庡畾浣嶆椂闂达紝褰㈡垚浜哖nt鏈嶅姟瀹屾暣姒傚康銆?/span>

鍥介檯鐢典俊鑱旂洘(itu)鍦?979骞村彫寮€鐨刉rc-79澶т細涓婏紝涓轰袱澶х郴缁熼噺韬寚閰嶄簡鍗槦瀵艰埅l1棰戞(1559~1610 mhz)锛孡2棰戞(1215~1260 mhz)棰戠巼銆備袱澶х郴缁熷潎閲囩敤20 000 km楂樺害宸﹀彸鐨勪腑鍦嗚建閬?meo)鍗槦鏋勬垚鍩烘湰鏄熷骇锛屾椂绌哄熀鍑嗘鏋跺潎浣跨敤涓栫晫鍗忚皟鏃禪tc鍜屽湴蹇冨潗鏍囩郴銆傚叏鐞冨崼鏄熷鑸郴缁?gnss)鑷閫愭笎鍙戝睍璧锋潵銆傜洰鍓嶄笘鐣孏nss棰嗗煙锛屽寘鎷湪寤虹殑绯荤粺锛屽凡鏈塆ps銆丟lonass銆丟alileo銆佸寳鏂?bds)绛夊洓澶у叏鐞冪郴缁燂紝浠ュ強qzss銆両rnss绛夎嫢骞插尯鍩熺郴缁焄7]銆?/span>

1.2 鍗槦鏃犵嚎鐢靛畾浣嶆姤鍛婂巻鍙叉紨鍙?/span>

1978骞达紝缇庡浗鍦ｅ湴浜氬摜鏈哄満闄勮繎鍙戠敓椋炴満鐩告挒浜嬩欢锛岄€犳垚浜?67浜轰抚鐢熺殑鍘嗗彶鎯ㄥ墽銆傞殢鍚庯紝缇庡浗瀛﹁€匞.k.o鈥橬eill鍗氬＋鎻愬嚭浜嗗熀浜?棰桮eo鍗槦鐨勫崼鏄熸棤绾跨數娴嬪畾涓氬姟(radio determination satellite service锛孯dss)鐨勯槻鎾炵郴缁熸柟妗堛€?987骞村浗闄呯數淇¤仈鐩?itu)纭浜嗚绯荤粺鍦板绌洪鐜囦负1610~1 626.5 mhz锛岀┖瀵瑰湴棰戠巼涓? 483.5~2500 mhz[8-9]銆傚疄闄呭彂灞曡繃绋嬩腑锛岀編鍥藉叏鐞冩槦(global star)绛夊洓澶х郴缁熷紑鍚簡浠ラ槻鎾炰綅缃湇鍔′负涓昏涓氬姟鐨凪ss鏈嶅姟銆?000骞达紝涓浗鎴愬姛鍙戝皠浜?棰楀寳鏂椾竴鍙峰崼鏄燂紝閫氳繃鍙屾槦瀹氫綅鍘熺悊銆佸畾浣嶆姤鍛婁笟鍔＄湡姝ｅ疄璺典簡rdss姒傚康銆佺悊璁轰笌绯荤粺鏋舵瀯銆?003骞存寮忓缓鎴愮殑鍖楁枟涓€鍙风郴缁燂紝浣垮緱涓浗鎴愪负鏄笘鐣屼笂绗?涓嫢鏈夎嚜涓诲崼鏄熷鑸郴缁熺殑鍥藉銆?/span>

2014骞?鏈?鏃ワ紝椹潵瑗夸簹鑸┖鍏徃mh370鑸彮澶变簨锛?39鍚嶄箻瀹㈠強鏈虹粍浜哄憳涓嬭惤涓嶆槑銆傛鍚庯紝涓浗鍗槦瀵艰埅瀛﹁€呮彁鍑轰簡鍖楁枟鍏ㄧ悆绯荤粺rdss鑸璺熻釜鍙婇亣闄╂晳鎻存柟妗堛€傜編鍥藉垯浜?015骞达紝鍦↖mo銆両tu绛夊浗闄呯粍缁囦細璁満鍚堬紝鎻愬嚭浜嗗叏鐞冩按涓婂畨鍏ㄤ笌閬囬櫓鏁戞彺绯荤粺(gmdss)鐜颁唬鍖栫殑寤鸿锛屼富瑕佹槸鎺ㄥ姩鍩轰簬閾辨槦绯荤粺鐨勭敓鍛藉畨鍏ㄦ湇鍔°€?/span>

2 鍖楁枟绯荤粺鍒涙柊鍙戝睍鍘嗙▼

鍖楁枟绯荤粺涓庡瓙鍗堜华銆佽潐绯荤粺鐩告瘮锛岃捣姝ユ櫄浜?0澶氬勾锛屼笌gps銆丟lonass鐩告瘮锛屼篃鏅氫簡20骞淬€傛椂闂磋法搴︿箣澶э紝鏃犺鏄敤鎴烽渶姹傝繕鏄鑸妧鏈潎鍙戠敓浜嗚法鏃朵唬鐨勫彉鍖栥€傝в鍐斥€滄垜浠湪鍝噷锛熲€濊繙姣旇в鍐斥€滄垜鍦ㄥ摢閲岋紵鈥濋噸瑕佸緱澶氥€傜敤鎴蜂俊鎭叡浜垚浜嗗鑸富瑕侀渶姹傘€備氦閫氭嫢鍫点€佹棤浜洪┚椹躲€侀琛屽櫒闃叉挒銆佹按涓婂畨鍏ㄩ亣闄╃瓑鎴愪负鍏虫敞鐨勯噸鐐广€傞亣闄╁畾浣嶇簿搴︺€佹姤鍛婂搷搴旀椂寤堕渶姹傛彁鍗囦负绫?绉掗噺绾с€傗€淕nss瀹氫綅 mss鎶ュ憡鈥濈殑浼犵粺妯″紡闈复棰戠巼鍖箯涓庢垚鏈法澶х殑闅鹃锛屼腑鍥藉缓璁惧寳鏂楃郴缁燂紝绔嬪織鍒涙柊鎴愪负蹇呯劧銆?/span>

2.1 鏋勫缓鍖楁枟瀹氫綅鎶ュ憡浣撳埗銆佷竴姝ユ弧瓒冲浗瀹舵€ラ渶

1994骞?鏈堬紝鍥藉鎵瑰噯浜嗏€滃弻鏄熷鑸畾浣嶇郴缁熲€濈珛椤规姤鍛婏紝鍛藉悕涓衡€滃寳鏂椾竴鍙封€濄€備互2棰楀崼鏄熶负浠ｄ环锛屽缓鎴愪竴涓疄鐢ㄥ寲鍗槦鏃犵嚎绯荤粺锛屾媺寮€浜嗕互绮剧‘娴嬮噺鏃堕棿涓庣┖闂翠负鐩爣鐨勫崼鏄熸棤绾跨數绯荤粺寤鸿搴忓箷銆傚伐绋嬬洰鏍囨竻妤氳〃鏄庯紝瀹氫綅鎶ュ憡涓庣煭鎶ユ枃閫氫俊鏄寳鏂椾竴鍙风殑涓昏涓氬姟銆傞潰涓寸殑鐞嗚鎸戞垬銆佹妧鏈毦棰樺崄鍒嗙獊鍑恒€?/span>

閫氳繃涓€绯诲垪鍏抽敭鎶€鏈殑绐佺牬涓庡伐绋嬪寲瀹炵幇锛屽寳鏂椾竴鍙蜂篃鍙栧緱浜嗗ぇ閲忎笘鐣岀骇鎴愬氨锛屽苟褰㈡垚椴滄槑鐗硅壊锛氣憼 涓ら鍗槦瀹炵幇澶ц寖鍥撮珮绮惧害瀹氫綅鎺堟椂鏈嶅姟锛屾弧瓒充簡涓浗鍙婂懆杈规湇鍔★紱鈶?鍙屽悜鎺堟椂绮惧害10 ns锛涒憿 瀹炵幇浜嗗ぇ瀹归噺鐢ㄦ埛1 s蹇€熷畾浣嶆姤鍛婏紝鍝嶅簲閫熷害灞呭浗闄呴鍏堟按骞筹紱鈶?瀹氫綅鍜屾姤鍛婂湪鍚屼竴淇￠亾瀹屾垚锛岀敤鎴风煡閬撯€滄垜鍦ㄥ摢閲屸€濓紝杩樼煡閬撯€滄垜浠湪鍝噷鈥濓紱鈶?瀹炵幇浜嗙敤鎴峰弻鍚戞姤鏂囬€氫俊銆傚寳鏂椾竴鍙峰揩閫熷畾浣嶆姤鍛婂姛鑳斤紝瀹屾暣鍦拌癄閲婁簡rdss涓氬姟鐨勪赴瀵屽唴娑靛拰鍏堣繘鐗硅壊[10]銆?/span>

2.2 鏋勫缓瀹炴椂杩炵画瀵艰埅涓庡畾浣嶆姤鍛婅瀺鍚堜綋鍒讹紝寤烘垚鍖楁枟浜屽彿鍖哄煙绯荤粺

2004骞达紝鈥滃寳鏂椾簩鍙封€濈珛椤癸紝浜?012骞?2鏈堝缓鎴愪簡浠ュ疄鏃惰繛缁鑸笌瀹炴椂瀹氫綅鎶ュ憡鐩歌瀺鍚堢殑鍖楁枟鎶€鏈綋鍒讹紝瀹炵幇浜氬お瑕嗙洊鐨勫尯鍩熷崼鏄熷鑸郴缁燂紝浠庢牴鏈笂鎽嗚劚浜嗗鍥藉鍗槦瀵艰埅绯荤粺鐨勪緷璧栥€備腑鍥芥垚涓哄叏鐞冨崼鏄熷鑸牳蹇冧緵搴斿晢涔嬩竴锛屼负涓栫晫鍗槦瀵艰埅棰嗗煙鍙戝睍浣滃嚭浜嗚础鐚€?/span>

涓浗鍖楁枟浜屽彿寮ヨˉ浜嗗寳鏂椾竴鍙峰湪瀹氫綅杩炵画鎬с€侀€熷害娴嬮噺銆佹湇鍔″畬濂芥€х瓑鏂归潰鐨勪笉瓒筹紝鎬荤粨璧锋潵锛屾湁濡備笅涓昏鐗圭偣锛?/span>

(1) 鍏ㄧ悆绗竴涓繛缁鑸笌瀹氫綅鎶ュ憡鐩歌瀺鍚堢殑鎶€鏈綋鍒躲€傚崼鏄熺郴缁熴€佽繍鎺х郴缁熴€佸簲鐢ㄧ粓绔叏闈㈠疄鐜颁簡涓ょ浣撳埗铻嶅悎銆傛敾鍏嬩簡澶氫俊鍙峰吋瀹广€侀偦棰戝強鏀跺彂闅旂銆佺敤鎴风粓绔皬鍨嬪寲闅鹃銆傝в鍐充簡瀵艰埅涓氬姟銆佸崼鏄熷浐瀹氫笟鍔°€佸崼鏄熺щ鍔ㄤ笟鍔′紬澶氱綉缁滈鐜囧吋瀹逛笌涓氬姟鍗忚皟銆傚寳鏂楀弻妯＄敤鎴锋満鍙楀埌骞垮ぇ鐢ㄦ埛闈掔潗锛屾垚涓哄崼鏄熷鑸笌閫氫俊缁煎悎搴旂敤鐨勭儹闂ㄨ澶囥€?/span>

(2) 鍏ㄧ悆绗竴涓笁杞ㄦ贩鍚堝鑸槦搴э紝瀹炵幇涓夋槦搴у尯鍩熺患鍚圥nt鏈嶅姟[11]銆傛寜鐓у厛鏈嶅姟浜氬お銆佸啀鎵╄嚦鍏ㄧ悆鐨勬€濊矾锛岃竟寤鸿竟鐢ㄣ€佺獊鍑洪噸鐐圭殑鍘熷垯锛屾瀯寤轰簡浠?棰桮eo鍗槦銆?棰桰gso鍗槦(鐩墠宸茶揪6棰?銆?棰桵eo鍗槦鐨勬贩鍚堟槦搴с€傝繖绉嶆槦搴э紝鍦ㄤ綆绾害鍦板尯鍙婃灄鍖恒€佸煄甯備氦鎺ュ尯銆佸北宸濆场璋峰尯鎬ц兘绐佸嚭锛屸€滀竴甯︿竴璺€濇部绾垮ぇ閮ㄥ垎鍥藉鐢ㄦ埛鍙鍗槦鏁扮淮鎸佸湪7~9棰椼€傝〃 1鏄互娉板浗鍦板尯cors绔欐€ц兘涓轰緥锛屼笌gps绯荤粺鍗曚竴鏄熷骇姣旇緝锛屽寳鏂楁槦搴ф晥鐜囨槑鏄捐緝楂樸€傚寳鏂椾簩鍙峰尯鍩熺郴缁熷湪涓栫晫涓婄巼鍏堥噰鐢ㄤ互geo鍗槦銆両gso鍗槦涓轰富浣撶殑鏄熷骇璁捐鏂规锛屽悗鏉ュ嚭鐜扮殑鏃ユ湰qzss銆佸嵃搴rnss涔熷熀鏈伒寰簡绫讳技鎬濊矾銆?/span>

(3) 鍏ㄧ悆绗竴涓叿澶囦笁棰戝畬鏁存湇鍔¤兘鍔涚殑瀵艰埅绯荤粺銆傚寳鏂楃郴缁熶簬2012骞村叿澶嘊1銆丅2銆丅3瀹屾暣涓夐鏈嶅姟鑳藉姏锛屼笌gps璁″垝2021骞村墠鍚庡疄鐜癓1銆丩2銆丩5涓夐鏈嶅姟璁″垝鐩告瘮锛屾彁鍓嶄簡杩?0骞淬€傚寳鏂楃郴缁熶笁棰戝鑸俊鍙蜂负瀹炵幇鍘樼背绾х簿搴﹀疄鏃跺畾浣嶅瀹氫簡鍩虹锛岃绠楁敹鏁涢€熷害鏇村揩銆佷綔鐢ㄨ寖鍥存洿骞裤€傝浇娉㈢浉浣嶆ā绯婂害瑙ｇ畻鏃堕棿鐢盙ps鍙岄40 s闄嶄负10 s锛屾祴閲忎綔涓氳窛绂荤敱鍙岄20 km鎵╁ぇ鑷充笁棰?00 km[1]銆?/span>

(4) 鍥介檯涓婇娆¤璁℃槦鍦板弻鍚戞椂闂村悓姝ユ妧鏈€傞€氳繃鍦伴潰瀵瑰崼鏄熶俊鍙风殑娴嬮噺鍜屽崼鏄熷鍦伴潰涓婅淇″彿鐨勬祴閲忥紝鍗槦閽熷樊娴嬮噺绮惧害浼樹簬1 ns锛岃в鍐充簡鍗槦閽熷樊娴嬮噺銆佽瘎浼板拰鎭㈠鐨勯毦棰橈紝鎻愰珮浜嗗畾浣嶇簿搴﹀強绋冲畾鎬с€?/span>

(5) 绮惧瘑蹇€熷畾浣嶆姤鍛婄郴缁熺爺鍒舵垚鍔熴€傚湪鍖楁枟浜屽彿绯荤粺鏀寔涓嬶紝閲囩敤鍦伴潰涓績澶勭悊涓夐瑙傛祴鏁版嵁锛屽湪2 min鐨勫畾浣嶆姤鍛婂搷搴旀椂闂村唴瀹氫綅绮惧害浼樹簬1.0 m锛屼笌鐜版湁sbas骞垮煙宸垎鏈嶅姟鐩告瘮锛屼綔鐢ㄨ寖鍥存洿骞匡紝鎿嶄綔绠€鍗曪紝涓嶉渶璁惧熀鍑嗙珯锛屼篃鏃犻渶鐢ㄦ埛绔悗澶勭悊銆?/span>

(6) 瀹炵幇浜嗙敤鎴峰揩閫熻窡韪笌閬囬櫓鏁戞彺鎶ヨ銆傜郴缁熼噰鐢ㄥ箍涔塕dss瀹氫綅鎶ュ憡鍘熺悊锛岄€氳繃鐢ㄦ埛鍙婁腑蹇冪郴缁熺殑瑙傛祴涓庡鐞嗭紝鐢ㄦ埛瀹氫綅鎶ュ憡绮惧害涓虹背绾э紝鎶ュ憡鍝嶅簲鏃堕棿涓?0 s锛屼负鐢ㄦ埛璺熻釜銆佺敓鍛芥晳鎻寸瓑搴旂敤鎻愪緵浜嗘€ц兘浼樺紓鐨勬墜娈点€?/span>

3 涓栫晫鍗槦瀵艰埅鍙戝睍鐜扮姸涓庤秼鍔?/span>

3.1 棰戠巼璧勬簮鏋銆佸鑸崼鏄熸€绘暟瓒呰繃鏋侀檺

浼犵粺鐨凩1銆丩2瀵艰埅棰戠巼涓婄殑涓嶅悓瀵艰埅淇″彿鎷ユ尋閲嶅彔銆?000骞村悗锛孖tu鐧昏鐨勫崼鏄熸暟宸茶秴杩?39棰楋紝鍚勫ぇ绯荤粺瀵艰埅淇″彿闆嗘€诲姛鐜囬€氶噺瀵嗗害epfd宸叉帴杩慖tu瑙勫垯闄愬€笺€傞鐜囥€佸姛鐜囧強杞ㄤ綅鐨勪簤澶烘棩鐩婃縺鐑堛€傗€滃厛鍗犲厛寰椻€濃€滃湪杞ㄥ崼鏄熸€绘暟鈥濆皢鎴愪负itu鐨勬柊瑙勫垯銆傚悓鏃讹紝itu杩樿瀹氬凡鍚堟硶鐧昏骞跺饱琛屽湪杞ㄨ繍琛岀殑棰戠巼鍦颁綅涓烘湁鏁堬紝濡傛棤瀹為檯鍦ㄨ建鍗槦锛屽皢琚垹闄ゅ悎娉曞湴浣嶃€侴nss绔炰簤涓庡悎浣滅殑灞€闈㈠皢缁х画闀挎湡瀛樺湪銆傝〃 2銆佽〃 3鍒楀嚭浜嗗悇澶у崼鏄熷鑸郴缁熺殑鍗槦鏁板拰瀵艰埅淇″彿鍙傛暟銆?/span>

3.2 瀵艰埅淇″彿灞€鍩熷姛鐜囧寮轰笉鍙己灏?/span>

鐢变簬鏃犵嚎鐢典俊鍙风殑鑴嗗急鎬у強鍥介槻瑙勫垯瀵瑰姛鐜囬€氶噺瀵嗗害鍊?power flux density, pfd)鐨勯檺瀹氾紝瀵艰埅淇″彿鍦ㄤ竴鑸潯浠朵笅鍙互姝ｅ父鎺ユ敹銆傚湪澶嶆潅鐢电鐜涓嬶紝蹇呴』澧炲己淇″彿鍙戝皠鍔熺巼锛屼互瀹炵幇鎶楀共鎵般€佹姉娆洪獥銆侴ps鎺堟潈淇″彿閫夌敤l棰戞淇″彿杩涜澧炲己锛屽寮哄ぉ绾垮彛寰勪负3.0 m锛屽彲澧炲己15 db[8]銆傜敱浜庡寳鏂桞3銆丅s璋冨埗鎬ц兘濂斤紝鍥犳b3銆丅s灞€鍩熷姛鐜囧寮烘€ц兘鍙笌涔嬬浉褰撱€傚鏋滈€夌敤杈冨皬鐨?.0 m澶╃嚎锛屽彂灏勫姛鐜囧澶?鍊嶏紝涔熷彲瀹炵幇15 db澧炲己銆傚洜姝わ紝鍔熺巼澧炲己涓嶆槸鎷﹁矾铏庯紝瀹炵幇鍙湪鏈濆銆?/span>

3.3 鎻愰珮鍗曟槦璐ㄩ噺锛屽弬涓嶨nss浜掓搷浣?/span>

鍖楁枟鏄涓€涓疄鐜颁笌鍏朵粬涓夊ぇ鍏ㄧ悆绯荤粺鍏煎涓庝簰鎿嶄綔鐨勭郴缁燂紝骞跺彲鍦˙1c/l1c/e1淇″彿鍜孊2a/l5/e5淇″彿涓や釜棰戞涓婂疄鐜颁笌gps鍜孏alileo鐨勪簰鎿嶄綔[13]銆傞櫎姝や互澶栧姹傚湪鍏朵粬淇″彿涓婄殑浜掓搷浣滄槸涓嶇幇瀹炵殑銆傚寳鏂椾篃涓嶅彲鑳姐€佷笉搴旇鎴愪负gps鐨勫寮哄崼鏄熴€傛寜鐓у崗璋冧竴鑷寸殑鏈€澶т笌鏈€灏忎俊鍙峰姛鐜囧缓鎴愯嚜宸辩殑绯荤粺锛屽彲浠ュ彇寰楀厛鍏ヤ负涓荤殑鍥介檯鏍囧噯鍙婂競鍦轰紭鍔裤€傚挨鍏跺彲娑堥櫎鍥介檯鐢ㄦ埛瀵瑰寳鏂椾俊鍙风殑淇′换鍗辨満銆傚叾鍏抽敭鍥犵礌鏄‘淇濆崼鏄熶俊鍙风殑璐ㄩ噺锛屾彁渚涘嵆鏃惰€屽噯纭殑瀹屽ソ鎬ф爣璇嗐€?/span>

3.4 瀵艰埅閫氫俊缁勫悎锛屾彁渚涗綅缃叡浜?/span>

瀵艰埅涓庣щ鍔ㄩ€氫俊鐩哥粨鍚堝凡鎴愪负涓汉鏍囬厤淇℃伅缁堢銆?0涓栫邯90骞翠唬缇庢鐜囧厛鐐掔儹鐨勯摫閫氫俊绯荤粺銆佸叏鐞冩槦銆佸ゥ寰疯禌銆両nmarsat绛夐€氫俊绯荤粺锛岃櫧鐒舵妧鏈厛杩涳紝鐢变簬鏁堣垂姣斾綆锛岃触缁欎簡鍦伴潰鍏夐€氫俊鍙婄щ鍔ㄦ墜鏈恒€?000骞翠互鍚庯紝閾遍€氫俊鍙奍nmarsat鎶婁笟鍔¤浆鍚戜綅缃湇鍔★紝鑾峰緱鍐嶇敓銆?014骞?鏈?鏃ラ┈鑸狹h370鑸彮澶变簨锛岀編鍊熸満鍦↖mo棰嗗煙鎻愬嚭浜咷mdss鍏ㄧ悆姘翠笂閬囬櫓鏁戞彺鍥介檯鏍囧噯鍒跺畾璁锛屼竴涓互鍥介檯鏍囧噯涓烘鍣ㄧ殑瀵艰埅閫氫俊缁勫悎绔炰簤娓告垙锛屽皢鎴愪负浣嶇疆淇℃伅鍏变韩鐨勬柊鎴樺満銆?/span>

4 鍖楁枟绯荤粺鍓嶆櫙棰勬祴

4.1 35棰楀寳鏂楀崼鏄熸瀯鎴愭渶浣虫槦搴?/span>

2007骞翠腑鍥藉甯冨寳鏂楃郴缁熺敱5棰桮eo鍗槦銆?0棰楅潪geo鍗槦鏋勬垚銆傚寳鏂楁渶浣虫槦搴у皢鐢?棰桮eo鍗槦銆?棰桰gso鍗槦銆?4棰桵eo鍗槦鏋勬垚銆傚疄琛屾寜瀵垮懡澶囦唤绛栫暐锛屽叾甯告€佸彲鐢ㄥ崼鏄熶笉浣庝簬35棰楋紝骞跺叿鏈夊涓嬩紭鐐癸細

(1) 5棰桮eo鍗槦 6棰桰gso鍗槦 灏戣meo鍗槦鏋勬垚涓夊ぇ涓氬姟銆佸洓澶у姛鑳戒簹澶尯鍩熻鐩栵紝瀹炵幇閲嶇偣鏈嶅姟鍖虹涓€閲嶆湇鍔°€?棰桮eo鍗槦 6棰桰gso鍗槦鍚屾椂鏋勬垚浜氬おka棰戞鍗冨厗璧吂(ghz)澶у閲忓ぉ鍩洪€氫俊缃戠粶锛屼笌鍏朵粬浜氬お閫氫俊缃戝疄鐜颁簰鑱斾簰閫氾紝婊¤冻浜氬お銆佽タ澶钩娲嬪尯鍩熼€氫俊闇€姹傘€?/span>

(2) 24棰桵eo鍗槦鏋勬垚涓夊ぇ涓氬姟銆佸洓澶у姛鑳藉叏鐞冭鐩栵紝骞跺疄鐜颁簹澶€佽タ澶钩娲嬬浜岄噸瑕嗙洊銆?/span>

(3) 浜氬お鍦板尯鍙屾槦搴ц鐩栵紝鍏跺彲闈犳€ц揪99.99%锛屽缓璁惧尯鍩熸棤绾跨數瀵艰埅閫氫俊澶囦唤绯荤粺鐨勫繀瑕佹€т负0.01%銆?/span>

(4) 6棰桰gso鍗槦鍙疄鐜板叏鐞僐dss瀹氫綅鎶ュ憡鍙婄煭鐢垫枃閫氫俊涓氬姟锛屽叾鐢ㄦ埛瀹归噺涓?4棰桵eo鍗槦鐨?0鍊嶏紝鍥犱负鍏ョ珯淇℃伅閫熺巼鎻愰珮浜?鍊嶃€?/span>

(5) 5棰桮eo鍗槦鍙?棰桰gso鍗槦鐨勭儹鐐瑰尯鍩熷姛鐜囧寮烘尝鏉熷彲瀹炵幇浜氬お鍙婅タ澶钩娲嬪尯鍩?鑷?涓儹鐐瑰尯鍩熻鐩栵紝杩樺彲鐢ㄤ簬瀵瑰湴鐞冧袱鏋丷dss銆丮ss涓氬姟澧炲己锛屾槸褰㈡垚浜氬お绌洪棿鎴樼暐骞宠　鐨勯噸瑕佺牆鐮併€?/span>

(6) 5棰桮eo鍗槦鍙?棰桰gso鍗槦鏋勬垚瑕嗙洊涓浗鍥藉湡鍙婃捣娲嬬殑澶氫笟鍔″ぉ鍩哄甯︿俊鎭郴缁燂紝涓烘棤浜洪┚椹跺钩鍙颁綔涓氬強鏂版蹇靛鎶楀垱閫犱簡骞块様澶╁湴銆?/span>

(7) 鍖楁枟绯荤粺3绉嶈建閬撳崼鏄熸槦搴ф瀯鍨嬪舰鎴愯繘閫€鑷鎬佸娍銆傚嵆浣垮皯鏁板崼鏄熷姛鑳芥殏鏃跺彈闃伙紝涔熷彲鏀寔涓€鍦哄弽浠嬪叆灞€閮ㄥ啿绐併€?/span>

(8) geo鍗槦銆両gso鍗槦鍏锋湁寤虹珛浠ュ喎鍘熷瓙閽熶负涓荤殑鏄熷熀鏃堕棿鍩哄噯鐨勬潯浠讹紝鏈潵鍗槦涓婚挓绋冲畾搴︽按骞冲彲杈?脳10-16銆傚眾鏃讹紝鍙湪杈冨急鏄熼棿鏃堕棿鍚屾绮惧害涓嬪疄鐜伴暱鏃堕棿鑷富瀵艰埅銆?/span>

4.2 鍖楁枟鍏ㄧ悆rnss/rdss/mss涓変笟鍔¤瀺鍚堢郴缁燂紝瓒呰秺鍥介檯澶氱郴缁熺粍鍚堝厛渚?/span>

1997骞翠箣鍓嶏紝缇庡浗鍗槦瀵艰埅鐣屽嚭鐜颁簡浠ヤ换鍔′负瀵煎悜锛屾浛浠ｄ互鎶€鏈负瀵煎悜鐨勭郴缁熷缓璁炬€濊矾銆傛彁鍑轰簡navcomm瀵艰埅閫氫俊缁勫悎姒傚康銆備富寮犲湪gps鈪㈠崼鏄熶笂璁捐澶氫釜娉㈡潫锛氫竴涓负瑕嗙洊鍦扮悆鐨勫鑸尝鏉燂紝涓€涓垨澶氫釜鍖哄煙瑕嗙洊鍙щ鍔ㄥ寮烘尝鏉熺敤浜庡鑸€氫俊淇″彿鍔熺巼澧炲己銆傞殢鍚庡張鎺ㄥ嚭鍒╃敤閾遍€氫俊绯荤粺楂橀€熺巼骞挎挱gps鏄熷巻鍙婄簿瀵嗗箍鍩熷樊鍒嗕俊鎭紝浠庤€岄檷浣嶨ps缁堢鍐峰惎鍔ㄩ娆″畾浣嶆椂闂达紝骞舵彁楂樺畾浣嶇簿搴︺€傝繕灏嗛摫鏄熶笌gps鐩哥粨鍚堬紝寤烘垚浜嗚摑鍐涙垬鍦鸿窡韪郴缁燂紝婊¤冻浜嗘梾绾т綔鎴橀儴闃熷揩閫熷畾浣嶆姤鍛婇渶瑕併€傞摫鏄熷畾浣嶆姤鍛婂搷搴旀椂闂村皢鐢辨暟鍗佺闄嶄綆涓虹绾э紝婊¤冻鐢熷懡鏁戞彺蹇€熷搷搴旈渶姹傘€?/span>

缇庡浗澶氱郴缁熷苟琛屽彂灞曘€佸绯荤粺缁堢闆嗘垚鏄編鍥界粡娴庛€佺鎶€鍏堣繘姘村钩鐨勫繀鐒剁粨鏋滐紝涔熸槸瓒呭墠鎶㈠崰涓板瘜棰戠巼璧勬簮鐨勭粨鏋溿€傛樉鐒讹紝鎸変换鍔′负瀵煎悜璇勪环锛屽叿鏈夋垚鏈珮銆佽繍琛岀淮鎶や唬浠烽珮鐨勭己鐐广€?/span>

涓浗涓庣編娆х浉姣旓紝鏃㈡湁宸ㄥぇ缁忔祹钀藉樊锛屽張鏈夐鐜囪建浣嶈祫婧愬尞涔忓姡鍔裤€備互浠诲姟涓哄鍚戠殑寤鸿鏂规涓嶅彲浠ユ寜缇庢鏂规澶嶅埗锛屽垱鏂版槸鍞竴鍑鸿矾銆傚湪鍥介檯itu涓撳鐨勫悎浣滀笅锛屾墦寮€浜嗗彟涓€鎵囩獥鎴凤紝瀹炵幇浜哃(1610~1 626.5 mhz)銆丼(2 483.5~2500 mhz)3绉嶄笟鍔″叡浜閬撱€傚寳鏂楃郴缁熶互rdss涓氬姟涓轰腑蹇冿紝瀹炵幇浜嗗畾浣嶆姤鍛? s鍝嶅簲鏃堕棿銆佺背绾х簿搴︿綅缃憡璀︼紝瑙嗗満宸ヤ綔鍗槦鐢?棰?4棰楀鑸紝1棰楅€氫俊)闄嶄负3棰椼€傚寳鏂椾竴涓郴缁熷畬鎴?涓郴缁熸墠鑳藉畬鎴愮殑浠诲姟锛屼竴涓粓绔畬鎴?涓粓绔殑鍔熻兘锛屽繀鐒跺彈鍒扮敤鎴烽潚鐫愩€傚寳鏂楄嚜鍔ㄧ浉鍏崇洃瑙?骞挎挱(bdads-b)锛屽彇浠ｅ湴闈㈠父瑙凙ds-b锛屼笌irads-b銆両nads-b鍚屽彴绔炰簤锛屾槸涓浗浜虹殑楠勫偛銆傚寳鏂楃殑瀹炵敤浠峰€兼弧瓒斥€滀竴甯︿竴璺€濆€′华锛屾槸瀵瑰浗闄呯粡娴庝竴浣撳寲鐨勮础鐚甗11-13]銆?/span>

4.3 bs淇″彿蹇呭皢鎷呭綋鍖楁枟澶т换

(1) bs淇″彿棰戠巼鏄浗闄呯數鑱擨tu鍞竴璁ゅ彲鍏锋湁涓夊ぇ涓氬姟鐨勯鐜囷紝鏋佸叾瀹濊吹銆?/span>

(2) 鐢变簬l棰戠巼瀵艰埅淇″彿涓嶅牚閲嶈礋锛孊s棰戠巼灏嗘槸浠婂悗澶氱郴缁熼鐜囦簤澶虹殑鐒︾偣銆備腑鍥藉寳鏂楀浜庝紭鍏堝湴浣嶏紝涓嶅彲璋﹁銆?/span>

(3) 鏄寳鏂楁巿鏉冧俊鍙锋憜鑴卞眻灞呬笘鐣岀鍥涚殑鍞竴閫夋嫨銆傝〃 4鍒楀嚭浜嗗寳鏂楃郴缁熷湪鍏ㄧ悆鍥涘ぇ绯荤粺涓殑鍐涚敤甯﹀鍗犵櫨鍒嗘瘮銆?/span>

(4) bs瀵艰埅淇″彿绮惧害楂樸€侭s鍗曢鐢电灞備慨姝ｆ畫宸槸l1鐨?.4锛汢1 bs鍙岄ure涓?.566 m锛屾槸l鍙岄鐨?.67鍊嶃€?/span>

4.4 鍖楁枟鏂颁笁棰戞巿鏉冩湇鍔℃垚灏遍珮绮惧害鏃剁┖鏈嶅姟鏂版按骞?/span>

鍖楁枟绯荤粺鍏叡鏈嶅姟涓夐淇″彿涓築1c銆丅2a銆丅2b锛屽凡瀹炵幇涓夐瀵艰埅鍙戝皠澶╃嚎鐩镐綅涓績閲嶅悎銆?/span>

鍖楁枟绯荤粺鎺堟潈涓夐淇″彿涓築1a銆丅3a銆丅s锛屽湪涓夐瀵艰埅鍙戝皠澶╃嚎鐩镐綅涓績閲嶅悎鏉′欢涓嬶紝鍏朵紭鐐规槸锛?/span>

(1) 鍙垚灏盧tk鐢ㄦ埛澶ц寖鍥村揩閫熸祴閲忋€傝浇娉㈢浉浣嶆ā绯婂害瑙ｇ畻鐢卞弻棰?0 s缂╃煭涓?0 s锛屾祴閲忚寖鍥寸敱鍙岄20 km鎵╁睍鑷?00 km銆?/span>

(2) 鎴愬氨鑸ぉ鍣ㄥ叏寮ф楂樼簿搴︽祴鎺с€傚畾杞ㄧ簿搴﹁揪鍘樼背绾э紝鎺у埗寮ф涓哄叏寮ф鍙帶锛屾槸澶╁熀绯荤粺缁勭綉娴嬫帶鐨勬柊鎵嬫[14]銆?/span>

4.5 澶╁湴涓€浣撳寲鏅鸿兘杩愭帶鍔╁寳鏂楁湇鍔′笉鍐嶄腑鏂?/span>

鍖楁枟绯荤粺涓夊ぇ涓氬姟銆佸洓澶у姛鑳芥槸淇℃伅绀句細椤昏嚲涓嶅彲鎴栫己鐨勪俊鎭祫婧愶紝鏈嶅姟蹇呴』淇濊瘉楂樺害绋冲畾杩炵画銆傝繍鎺х郴缁熸櫤鑳藉寲鏄繘涓€姝ユ帰绱㈢殑鏂扮洰鏍囷紝涓昏闅滅鍙婂姫鍔涙柟鍚戝涓嬶細

(1) 缁存寔鏃剁┖鍩哄噯鏄瑕佷换鍔°€傜淮鎸佸寳鏂楁椂涓嶶tc杩炵画鍑嗙‘鏃跺樊銆傛槦鍦般€佹槦闂撮摼璺強鍦扮悆鏃堕棿閿氬浐绔欑殑鍙屽悜浼窛娴嬮噺鏄疄鐜板崼鏄熼挓宸笌utc鍚屾鐨勬湁鏁堟帾鏂絒15]銆?/span>

鍩轰簬鍦伴潰閿氬浐绔欑淮鎸佸彲鐩戞祴缁存寔鍖楁枟绯荤粺鍏ㄦ槦搴х殑鍦扮悆鍧愭爣绯伙紝鐢ㄥソ閿氬浐绔欏鍗槦瑙傛祴閲忕殑瀹氳建鏁版嵁鏄淮鎸佸潗鏍囧熀鍑嗙殑鏈夋晥鎺柦銆傚湴鐞冩椂闂撮敋鍥虹珯鍜屽湴鐞冨潗鏍囬敋鍥虹珯鍙互骞跺潃鍙岀珯鍚堜竴宸ヤ綔銆傚叏鐞?~5涓敋鍥虹珯鍙疄鐜版椂绌哄熀鍑嗙ǔ瀹氱淮鎸併€?/span>

(2) 鍏夊柗娉夊師瀛愰挓鍙婃槦闂撮摼璺疄鐜板崼鏄熼挓宸簹绾崇鍚屾绮惧害銆?/span>

(3) 鍩轰簬3绉嶈建閬?5棰楀崼鏄熷啑浣欒鐩栨槦搴э紝鍏佽灏戣鍗槦杞洖浣滄槦鍘嗘寚鏍囪嚜鏍′笌鎭㈠锛屼笉褰卞搷绯荤粺鏈嶅姟鎬ц兘銆?/span>

(4) 鍗槦杞ㄩ亾鑷富鎺ㄧ畻锛岀淮鎸佹槦鍘嗚嚜涓诲彂甯冦€?/span>

(5) 鍦伴潰杩愭帶浠呯淮鎸佹椂绌洪敋鍥虹珯姝ｅ父宸ヤ綔鍗冲彲瀹炵幇鏄熷骇鏃剁┖鍩哄噯缁存寔銆?/span>

(6) 鏄熼棿銆佹槦鍦版暟鎹摼鑷牎銆佹仮澶嶄笌璇勪环鐢辨寚瀹氱殑涓诲崼鏄熸垨浜掑鍦扮悆绔欐墽琛屻€?/span>

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鏈枃杞嚜 娴嬬粯瀛︽姤

濡傞渶杞浇锛岃娉ㄦ槑鍑哄锛?/span>